C\u00e2y m\u1eafm l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng r\u1ec5 ph\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu m\u1eb7n cao? C\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1eafm bi\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c m\u1eafm \u0111en (t\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh: Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh.), c\u00e2y m\u1eafm kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 ven bi\u1ec3n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p l\u1edbn v\u00e0o b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, y h\u1ecdc d\u00e2n gian v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e2y m\u1eafm thu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd Verbenaceae (h\u1ecd V\u1eb9t), l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i ho\u1eb7c c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 nh\u1ee1 ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n th\u01b0\u1eddng xanh, ph\u00e2n nh\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u00f9n l\u1ea7y ven bi\u1ec3n. C\u00e2y c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u cao trung b\u00ecnh t\u1eeb 8-20m, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn 15m, v\u1edbi th\u00e2n g\u1ed7 c\u00f3 v\u1ecf x\u00e1m nh\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00e2u x\u00e1m, c\u00e0nh non c\u00f3 4 g\u00f3c r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00e0nh gi\u00e0 kh\u00fac khu\u1ef7u. R\u1ec5 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, bao g\u1ed3m r\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1ecdc s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00fat n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng r\u1ec5 ph\u1ed5i (pneumatophores) m\u1ecdc th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng kh\u1ecfi m\u1eb7t b\u00f9n cao 20-50cm, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u1ee5m d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c. Nh\u1eefng r\u1ec5 ph\u1ed5i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng kh\u00ed (Oxy) trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u00f9n \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng x\u00f3i m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u00e1 c\u00e2y m\u1eafm \u0111\u01a1n, m\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng, h\u00ecnh b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c thu\u00f4n ho\u1eb7c tr\u00e1i xoan ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, d\u00e0i 5-12cm, r\u1ed9ng 2-5cm, m\u00e9p h\u01a1i l\u01b0\u1ee3n s\u00f3ng, m\u1eb7t tr\u00ean nh\u1eb5n xanh b\u00f3ng, m\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u1ee7 l\u1edbp l\u00f4ng tr\u1eafng b\u1ea1c t\u1ea1o v\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i “m\u1eafm tr\u1eafng” \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng. M\u1ed7i c\u00e0nh nh\u1ecf th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 5-7 c\u1eb7p l\u00e1, v\u1edbi cu\u1ed1ng l\u00e1 ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 g\u00e2n l\u00e1 n\u1ed5i r\u00f5. Hoa nh\u1ecf m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0ng nh\u1ea1t, m\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh ch\u00f9m 3-7 hoa \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e0nh, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 0.5-1cm, n\u1edf nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e8 (th\u00e1ng 4-6 d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n b\u1edfi c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 gi\u00f3. Qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i h\u1ed9p d\u1eb9t ch\u1ee9a 4 h\u1ea1t, ch\u00edn t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 9-11, ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00fap c\u00e2y lan t\u1ecfa nhanh ch\u00f3ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, v\u1ecf c\u00e2y ch\u1ee9a tannin cao (10-20%), c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t phenolic, flavonoid v\u00e0 alkaloid; l\u00e1 gi\u00e0u tinh d\u1ea7u xua \u0111u\u1ed5i c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng. C\u00e2y m\u1eafm ch\u1ecbu m\u1eb7n c\u1ef1c cao (l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 30-40\u2030), \u01b0a s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh \u1edf v\u00f9ng ng\u1eadp tri\u1ec1u m\u1ea1nh, v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i sinh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1edd h\u1ea1t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn c\u00e2y\/ha \u1edf b\u00e3i b\u1ed3i m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e2y m\u1eafm (Avicennia marina) c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi ven bi\u1ec3n \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 D\u01b0\u01a1ng – Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i t\u1eeb \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 \u0111\u1ebfn Australia v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2u Phi. \u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam, lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y n\u00e0y ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf c\u00e1c r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n ven bi\u1ec3n t\u1eeb B\u1eafc B\u1ed9 (nh\u01b0 V\u01b0\u1eddn Qu\u1ed1c gia Xu\u00e2n Th\u1ee7y, Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh) \u0111\u1ebfn Nam B\u1ed9 (C\u00e0 Mau, B\u1ea1c Li\u00eau, Tr\u00e0 Vinh), v\u1edbi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y ti\u00ean phong \u1edf v\u00f9ng ng\u1eadp tri\u1ec1u m\u1ea1nh, tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t b\u00f9n s\u00e9t pha c\u00e1t, n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1eb7n cao, ph\u00f9 sa d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u d\u00e2ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e2y m\u1eafm th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ecdc xen l\u1eabn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1eb9t, s\u00fa v\u00e0 b\u1ea7n, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i \u0111a t\u1ea7ng ch\u1ed1ng x\u00f3i m\u00f2n. Ch\u00fang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t \u1edf b\u00e3i b\u1ed3i m\u1edbi, n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f2n l\u1ea7y l\u1ed9i v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu oxy, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n cao gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 ven bi\u1ec3n. Theo c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, c\u00e2y m\u1eafm chi\u1ebfm t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1edbn trong r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i ven bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e2y m\u1eafm l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean kinh t\u1ebf qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ven bi\u1ec3n nh\u1edd g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn d\u1ec5 khai th\u00e1c. G\u1ed7 c\u00e2y c\u1ee9ng, n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m c\u1ee7i \u0111\u1ed1t, than c\u1ee7i ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao (v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn), v\u00e1n l\u1ea1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng m\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7. \u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam, than t\u1eeb c\u00e2y m\u1eafm l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u quan tr\u1ecdng, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 sinh k\u1ebf cho h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n h\u1ed9 d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1ecf c\u00e2y ch\u1ee9a tannin d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o (10-20%), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p thu\u1ed9c da, nhu\u1ed9m v\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u1ef1c nhu\u1ed9m. L\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 ho\u1eb7c xua \u0111u\u1ed5i c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. V\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y, c\u00e2y m\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n r\u1eebng ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9, mang l\u1ea1i thu nh\u1eadp b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y du l\u1ecbch sinh th\u00e1i \u1edf c\u00e1c khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ven bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong y h\u1ecdc d\u00e2n gian Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1, c\u00e2y m\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1edd c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1ng khu\u1ea9n, ch\u1ed1ng vi\u00eam v\u00e0 tannin phong ph\u00fa. Ph\u1ea7n l\u00e1, h\u1ea1t, v\u1ecf v\u00e0 r\u1ec5 l\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb c\u00e2y m\u1eafm c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a, kh\u00e1ng n\u1ea5m, \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 gan. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a chuy\u00ean gia \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef mang thai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e2y m\u1eafm \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n: h\u1ec7 r\u1ec5 ph\u1ed5i c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u00f9n \u0111\u1ea5t, ch\u1eafn s\u00f3ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng x\u00f3i m\u00f2n b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n, gi\u1ea3m ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n. Ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng phong ph\u00fa cho c\u00e1 t\u00f4m, cua, chim di c\u01b0 v\u00e0 l\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i, h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 CO2 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. \u1ede V\u01b0\u1eddn Qu\u1ed1c gia Xu\u00e2n Th\u1ee7y v\u00e0 C\u00e0 Mau, r\u1eebng c\u00e2y m\u1eafm b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn hecta \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ea1t l\u1edf sau b\u00e3o, duy tr\u00ec \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc ven bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Do \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb h\u00f3a, \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng \u0111ang suy gi\u1ea3m, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n. C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n tr\u1ed3ng m\u1edbi v\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gieo h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 gi\u00e0n che \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e2y m\u1eafm v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111a chi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb y h\u1ecdc, kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn sinh th\u00e1i. L\u00e0 “l\u00e1 ch\u1eafn” ti\u00ean phong trong r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n, lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng: tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y m\u1eafm ho\u1eb7c tham gia b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i V\u01b0\u1eddn Qu\u1ed1c gia Xu\u00e2n Th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai xanh c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0: \u0111\u01b0\u1edbc<\/a>, v\u1eb9t<\/a>, \u0111\u01b0ng<\/a>…<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y c\u00e2y m\u1eafm \u1edf r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n n\u00e0o ch\u01b0a? Chia s\u1ebb kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u1edf ph\u1ea7n b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi! Theo d\u00f5i website \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 th\u00eam v\u1ec1 c\u00e2y ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00e2y xanh H\u00f2a An.<\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" C\u00e2y m\u1eafm l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng r\u1ec5 ph\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu m\u1eb7n cao? C\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1eafm bi\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c m\u1eafm \u0111en (t\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh: Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh.), c\u00e2y m\u1eafm kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 ven bi\u1ec3n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":130,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[19,25,26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-129","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cay-rung-ngap-man","category-cay-ven-bien","category-dich-vu-trong-cham-soc-cay"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cayxanhhoaan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/129","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cayxanhhoaan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cayxanhhoaan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cayxanhhoaan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cayxanhhoaan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=129"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cayxanhhoaan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/129\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":131,"href":"https:\/\/cayxanhhoaan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/129\/revisions\/131"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cayxanhhoaan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/130"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cayxanhhoaan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=129"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cayxanhhoaan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=129"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cayxanhhoaan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=129"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}